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Wednesday, October 20, 2010

BSBDES403A - BSBDES304A/ Industry Studies



1. Business Ethics Study

Issues surrounding business ethics in graphic design are rules that are not formally written down but are known throughout the industry. Whether these ethics are followed through or not are a choice that the individual designers must make for themselves, deciding on what they think the difference between right and wrong is. What I class as ethically wrong in a business is when I was looking through old add campaigns I came across the old cigarette advertisements and I found them to be repulsive and offensive and as a design business I find that to be ethically wrong. As this is promoting young people to smoke something that eventually will kill you, if I was approached as a professional business person in the design industry I would not consider this as a client as I find it to be very ethically wrong.

2. Style Study

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1. Having an open mind about different styles and designs by other artists and designers enables you as a person and an artist to develop your own style, by working out what works for you as a designer you are able to grow and develop more mature designs. By being open to different styles it makes you aware of your strengths and weakness’ and what you do and don’t like. By looking at what others create whether they be the most outrageous designs or they conform to societies views, by keeping an open mind and developing an understanding of the purpose of why that design was created.

2. Why is it important to have some unique skills ad aesthetic elements in your creative process?

It is vital to have some unique skills and aesthetic elements in your creative process as a designer, by developing and learning about different creative processes and by doing so further developing and understanding of how to create an aesthetically pleasing design. By creating your own unique style as an artist allows you to become and express your own individuality as an artist. By developing and exploring yourself as an artist it becomes more recognisable to the public.

3. Why should you research artists and hold small personal critiques on their work at regular intervals?

By researching different artists regularly, as a designer you are able to explore what has been done and by holding small personal critiques you are able to understand why it was done, understand the reason behind why it was created that way and by applying your own style take that design and use it for inspiration. By looking at others works it can give inspiration if you cannot think of any designs for your own personal projects.

4. Why should you be aware of your like/dislikes and your strengths/ weaknesses?

Being aware of your strengths and weaknesses allows you to take on certain jobs that play to your strengths giving you the best results in that job. But being aware of your weaknesses is a crucial part of becoming a successful designer. By being aware of your weaknesses it allows you to push yourself to become better working on making that weakness becomes a strength.
Being aware of likes and dislikes also plays a crucial part in becoming a mature designer. Deciding in what you don’t like is a personal choice, what you might not like, someone else may find it to be fascinating. Keeping an open mind when deciding on whether you do or don’t like someone’s work is all part of maturing and developing your design process.

5. Is style definitive or does it evolve for you?

Style I believe can be definitive as it makes a designer who they are, a style is an expression of themselves through design and art. I do believe through that a style can evolve and grow over time with age and experience, but will remain essentially the same as minor tweaks and changes will be made along the path of discovering who you are as a designer and an artist.

6. How does attitude affect your style and other professional’s perception of you?

Having a poor attitude towards design can influence and become a barrier in developing your own personal style. By creating a negative perception about yourself professionally people will find your work ethic insulting and uncomfortable. By having a negative attitude towards work and clients they will lose interest in what you as a designer have to offer no matter how good your work is, clients need to feel comfortable in leaving their work with someone who they can trust and who has a positive attitude towards the client.

7. What are habits and why is it important to be aware of them as a designer?

Habits can be good or bad for a designer. They are like a routine and if you get stuck in them the can become negative. Good habits van be things like:

- Meeting deadlines

- Getting up early to make the most of the day, work wise

- Always bringing a good work ethic to each assignment or job

- Managing time a prioritising which job need to be done and which needs to be met first

- Having a contingency plan in case something goes wrong

Not meeting these needs as a designer can risk a career. Not creating good habits early in a career as a designer can heavily influence who they become and how they are known in the industry.

8. What does time management offer a designer?

Time management for a designer is crucial as a depending on each job, prioritising what needs to be done is a major factor. If you know that a client is going to be demanding throughout the process then you manage your time to meet all their needs throughout the job. Creating good time management skills can really benefit in the sense that you can give your all to every job equally.

9. How do you improve your time management?

You can improve your time management skills by creating some sort of visual timeline and making a decision between which job is more important, the biggest and needs the most work. Obviously the most time consuming job will be allocated the most time compared to a small job that is pretty straightforward.

10. What is a conscience and how does is affect both your style and your professional practice?

A conscience is making a decision, whether it be morally or ethically to determine the difference between right and wrong. A conscience affects everyone’s style differently, as everyone is an individual it determines what they think the difference between right and wrong is.
Professionally letting your conscience take over is not always the best way to go, for example feeling sorry for someone because they can’t pay is something that morally and ethically as a professional needs to be overcome. Even though you may feel sorry for them, it could have major consequences on you as an individual and as a professional leaving you with debts and not being able to love properly.

11. How do generally accepted morals and your own moral stance affect your design and your professional practice?

My morals don’t always lineup with the generally accepted morals of society, as I have different views about certain things that society might see as breaking conformity. Depending on what the case or job is I decide on whether or not, morally I will take that job on. Making the right or wrong decision determines who you are in the design industry. Morally and personally for example I would not morally take on a design job for a cigarette company, no matter how much money was on offer but another designer would. This doesn’t mean they are a bad person it means that their morals professionally and personally are different to mine, which is the beauty of the design industry.

3. Study on Deadlines

1. What is a Deadline?

A deadline is a time limit on a payment of a debt or completion of an assignment. It is a point in time at which something must be completed. It can also be referred to as a time limit, which generally depicts a narrow field of time that some sort of objective or task must be accomplished by. It can also be associated with milestone goals.

2. Whats involved in meeting a deadline?

In meeting a deadline means that you need to take care with the clients product, meaning if they are a major company or a private company making them priority as their business and your good rep is essential in creating a successful design business. By creating a list of deadlines and project gives you the scope to look at which projects are coming up and which ones you need to focus on. But also the ability to multitask is essential in the design industry. By creating a clear deadline with the client it gives you as the design the ability to meet the clients needs and wants on time without any confusion on when the project is needed by. Time management is also a key element in meeting deadlines on time, planning out how long each step to completing the project will take can help in completing the assigned project. Making sure that as a freelancer for instance that you don’t over commit to one project, causing all the other projects to be left unfinished.

3. What are the consequences of breaking a deadline?

The consequences of breaking deadlines in a business or as a freelancer for example could create a bad reputation for your name and the business name in the designing industry. By breaking deadlines the client will lose trust and confidence in the product you give them, thereby loosing their business as a client. This being highly unprofessional as a designer, breaking deadlines is something to be avoided at all costs.

4. What can you do to better meet deadlines?

To better meet deadlines it’s all about prioritising your work and harnessing time management as a vital skill. By processing how long each project is going to take and the steps needed to meet the goal deadline, it gives the designer time to create the best work for each client or business.

5. How do you prioritise deadlines?

Deadlines can be prioritised by making the decision as to which will take the longest to complete and which project deadline is approaching the soonest. By doing this and creating a timeline or recording important times and deadlines on a calendar deadlines are much easily meet. Depending on your relationship with the client as well depends on how you will priortise your deadlines. For example, if you know that the client is a demanding person who needs things to be on time and done to perfection each time then maybe a designer will make the decision to prioritise that project first. Or if you know that a client is a bit more relaxed about deadlines then maybe negotiation about a longer time limit on the project is needed to prioritise a more demanding cliental.

6. How do deadlines alter the perception of businesses and individuals?

By meeting deadlines as an individual freelancer or in a business, the cliental will find that they can rely on you as a designer to help create whatever they need to help better there own business. By meeting deadlines and producing decent designs and products word of mouth is a strong asset in the design industry and can help you as a designer create a better name for yourself in the industry and create a strong business.
By not meeting deadlines it can cause you to longer get any business from clients as first impressions and a good reputation is the key to creating a good graphic design business.

7. How do general business deadlines differ from Graphic Design deadlines?

General business deadlines are more to do with payment of money and can be a bit more flexible. In the Graphic Design world if a deadline is not met accordingly then that could be the make or break for a company or business, it can cause all sorts of problems for both the designer and the client as they both need the finished product to meet the deadline so they can support their businesses. A design deadline is probably more stressful as it needs to be perfect and precise as it affects everybody around them.

4. Study on Cultural Relationships with Design

1. The Celtic culture has to this day remained a very influential and accomplished society in history. The Celtic culture has provided history with the most well known designs and patterns that have filtered throughout history to be part of modern society today. The intricate patterns and interlacing knot work designs are still used in today’s society, for example the Celtic tattoo designs are used in modern day society in Australia and all around the world. They are modern versions of the interlacing knot work and the Celtic cross that were designed and used in the Celtic culture. The Celtic cross is used today as it is seen as a powerful symbol even though there are many versions and variations of the meaning in the Celtic culture. For many in the Celtic culture the tattoo designs were used as a way to show family heritage, pride and religious beliefs. Today in modern society these reasons still exist for most people but may be slightly altered for some people as they do not fully understand the meaning of what they are having tattooed. The Celtic designs are being uncovered and understood more throughout history and in the present as more modern resources and technology allow for a better understanding and insight into the meanings behind the designs. Some designs today have been influenced by the original Celtic designs as motifs used in modern society for logo designs, patterns for quilts and other materials have traces of the Celtic Culture.

2. Aboriginal art has many visual aspects; to the indigenous people the meaning is much more than dots and random symbols, they have spiritual meaning relating to the Dreamtime (creation). Aboriginal art consists of guidelines for rituals, tribal rules, sacred lands and Dreamtime stories. Each symbol in Aboriginal artwork has a meaning, for example the symbol for an animal is not just a representation of that animal but a story behind its creation relating to the Dreamtime. To non-indigenous Australians the meaning and cultural link behind these symbols can not being fully understood but are thoroughly appreciated for the connection that is created between the Dreamtime, religion and the land. The Aboriginal art is the aborigine’s link to their ancestry, past, present and for future generations to follow on and teach the stories and rituals to their families and tribe. Although some of the Aboriginal culture and art has been lost due to the creation of civilisation by non indigenous Australians, the Aboriginal people still fight to reclaim their rights to their sacred land, that has some of their earliest art and Dreamtime stories that reconnect them with their ancestry. A cultures art is a representation of their whole existence they are able to record important happenings through the expression of art. Without the expression of art in a culture like the Aboriginal culture their Dreamtime would be lost the understanding and appreciation of this intricate and detailed art form would no longer exist. The Aboriginal culture has mostly affected socially the non-indigenous Australians (white people) socially this cultural group has been exposed to a different form of art that would not normally be excepted in the non-indigenous culture.

3. Designers and lay people are impressed by M.C. Escher’s highly detailed work and dedication to his art, as he was able to manipulate and push the boundaries and the norm in pattern work. His peers and others respect M.C. Escher because of his fascination with pushing to improve the idea of Division of the Plane. Not only do designers find this theory to revolutionise the designing world but also mathematicians around the world found it brought a new perspective to the idea and theory of Division of the Plane. The respect that designers have for his dedication to pursuing his passion for theme, variation, repetition and tessellation is immense as M.C. Escher dedicated his lifetime to his exploration of architecture, perspective and impossible spaces. M.C. Escher managed to take reality and show the world the fascinating wonders that are around us.

4. Art and culture of the past even to the present has remained to amaze and interest people all over the world. Looking back to the very beginning where cave man were able to leave their imprint in history has kept the human race interested in the mysteries of what the past was like. Through these messages people and cultures of the past were able to leave their mark behind whether it be stories or records of natural occurrences in the environment. Much like this the aboriginal people were able to leave messages through symbols and stories about the first settlers and stories about creation enabling its decedents to reconnect with their culture and past ancestors. Art has been an intricate part letting its people reconnect with their tribe or ancestry, regaining an interest and spiritual connection with their heritage.

5. Looking back into history is beneficial to a designer because they find what has worked in trying to engage an audience, from that they are able to manipulate previous art into something that suits the modern society. In modern society designers are always exploring new and different ways to represent their work by looking back into history to find inspiration. By looking back in history it has inspired designers and artists to create art movements and revolutions in the art world. For example the Renaissance was the beginning of art movements, which by looking back into history future designers were able to create from inspiration from that era their own revolution and movement in art.

6. I have always been fascinated with the ancient religions and their art. It has affected me by broadening my perspective on what art is to different people. I find it interesting to see what it considered beautiful in different cultures. I have always loved art and exploring the ancient arts has always been a hobby of mine. Buddhism and Hinduism has been my main focus on religions, being exposed to these studies in schools it has always interested me. The depiction of their Gods has been a major influence in my life as during my schooling years I explored the gods and the symbols used in representing them.

7. Once again the only real cultural influence I can think of is the various ancient religions. I have always loved the different aspects of each religion, and been able to respect the different views on life, creation and Gods. I have been influenced by these beliefs as I am a Catholic but I don’t believe in the catholic views and rules. I am more of a spiritual person, I believe in meditation and karma. I have taken different aspects of the Buddhism and Hindu religions and created my own views and beliefs, structuring them around these aspects of different religions.




7. Study on Investigating the GD Industry and Jobs

1. Percept Brand Design

http://www.percept.com.au

Corporate Identity Design / Logo Design

Branding / Rebranding

Corporate Stationery / Printing

Design for Print / Visual Communications

Marketing Collateral Design / Advertising

Packaging Design / Brand Image Refresh

Website Design / Interactive Media

Website Hosting / Search Engine Optimisation

Content Management Systems / Ecommerce

Company Naming / Brand Name Generation

Creative Concepts / Communications Strategy

Photography / Copy Writing

Offset Print Production / Digital Printing

2. Thomas Marsden Creative Digital Agency

http://www.thomasmarsden.com.au/

CREATIVE SERVICES

Corporate Identity
Branding


Art Direction


Photography


Conceptual Development


Copywriting
Script / Story Board



Logo Design


Graphic Design

Web Design



Digital

Web Design/Development

Search engine optimisation

Ecommerce

iPhone/Mobile Web Design

Email/SMS

Domain names, Hosting and SSL

Video Multimedia

Video Production/Editing

Animation/Motion Graphics

Interactive Presentations

Kiosks

Advertising campaigns

Media planning, buying & placement

Marketing strategy

Layout and Design

TVC Production

Radio: Script and Production

Signage Solutions

Billboards and Public Displays

Print Management

Stationary

Brochures/Catalogues

Direct Mail

Design and Production

3. Corporate Image Design and Marketing

http://www.cidesign.com.au

- Logo and brand development,


- Print items such as brochures, annual reports, flyers, banners,


- Online and electronic items such as web design, online newsletters,


- Advertisements.

4. On Fire Design

http://www.onfiredesign.net/

Marketing consultation and development

Graphic Design

Printed literature and print management

Website design and development

Corporate identity and branding

Style guide creation

Document design (such as reports, manuals and stakeholder communications)

Packaging

Signage and exhibition displays

Vehicle graphics

Shop fronts

Photography

Advertising

5. Boxkite Business Identity Freedom

http://www.boxkite.com.au/

* Business cards

* Folding cards

* Foil printing

* Perforated cards

* Tag cards

* Bookmarks

* Postcards

* Scratchies

* Flyers

* Labels & stickers

* Mini brochures

* Envelopes

* Booklets

* Folders

* Inserts

* Letterheads

* Banners

6. Mooty Graphic Design

http://www.mootygraphicdesign.com.au/

Logo Design

Business Cards

Stationary

Flyers

Brochures

Posters

Website Design

7. Graphic Litho Design & Printing

http://www.graphiclitho.com.au/

Brochures

Stationery

Price Lists

Magazines

Presentation Folders

Catalogues

Point of Sale material

Books

Leaflets

Mailers

Annual Reports

Cards

Invitations

Stickers

Labels

8. Bara Design

http://www.baradesign.com.au/

Web Design and Development

Email Marketing

Visual Identity

Web Hosting and Domain Names

Printing

9. Blue Rider Studio

http://www.blueriderstudio.com.au/

Logo Design

Stationary Packages

Brochures

Signage

Packaging

Web Design

E-newsletters

Promotional Items

Marketing Advice

10. Digidox

http://www.digidox.com.au/

Computer Troubleshooting & IT services

Plastic ID Card Design & Print

Desktop Publishing Design & Print

Office Administration Services

Painter/Illustrator $35,934


Industrial Designer $47,491


Videographer $50,385

Graphic Artist $79,000




=1. Study on Criticism and psychology of the Critical Process

1. I was assigned two maps to critique. The first was Chris’ map were I felt I was more professional in the proceedings throughout the whole critique. I felt I gave back useful and helpful advice for Chris to improve his work. As his map wasn’t finished it was very hard to find things wrong with it over all because I hadn’t seen the finished product. At first look on Chris’ map I could tell he has started to find his own style and it is very aesthetically pleasing. But I found that there was no real theme carried out between all the different illustrations, for example my main issue was expression on the animals, as their eyes just weren’t that friendly look that children under the age of 6 would find appealing.
Because Chris hadn’t finished his map properly I was also assigned Nathans map as well. For Nathan map I felt I wasn’t as professional as I would have hoped for but nevertheless I outlined points that he needed to find a theme and carry it out throughout his work, that some of his cartoons were unrecognisable as they were too small and that perhaps put a few more landmarks in to make the states more recognisable as well. I felt I didn’t address enough points for Nathans map, but when I reflected on the situation his was finished and quite good so there wasn’t much to critique on as it was a good illustration to begin with.

2. The student who critiqued my work performed quite well. Although I felt that I would have benefited from more feedback from this person; I felt she holding back a bit and that she could have said more. She was very formal, straightforward in what she said and I appreciate it. Furthering the critiquing process I felt that the class helped a lot as well as they were very helpful and informative.

3. I really like the critiquing process, as I get a lot of feedback and I’m interested in what people have to say and think about my work. I also like to give feedback because I like to think that my opinion can help make someone’s work that little bit better. I feel that by people picking up on the little things that I may have missed because of result of looking at it for too long is really beneficial. I feel it has improved compared to what it was thanks to the constructive criticism I received.

4. I don’t feel there is any criticism I would ignore, as it is all part of making my wok that much better and aesthetically pleasing.

5. I feel you should take an objective attitude into a critique because firstly, you aren’t there critiquing a friend you are critiquing a designers work and the more constructive criticism the better their work will become. Secondly, you should come prepared to give criticism they probably wont like hearing. It is hard to give but to be a professional these are things that happen to survive in the industry you must be prepared for criticism and giving it as well.

6. You can prepare to give criticism by analysing the work by asking yourself does this piece of work meet the brief? And if so how or what is there to work on? I think as a critique you need to give both positive and negative criticism on a point that is made. By stating what the point is, what you feel is wrong and then make a positive point and guide them on ways on how to fix it.

7. Some guidelines or points that can help you provide criticism are:

- Type

- Colour

- Composition: balance, space, direction, continuation, focal point, pattern, symmetry, perspective

- Style

- Harmony/dissonance

Guidelines:

- Remember to remain objective.

- Say what you think is right.

- Never be influenced by others, its your perspective.

- Relate back to the brief, does it match?


“What is critical theory and how do you think some aspects of it relates generally to Graphic Design?”

Critical theory is a critique and exploration of society and culture, from the ideologies of the social sciences and humanities. It is knowledge via the interpretation of an understanding of a text and or symbolic expressions. Critical theory is thoroughly based on self-interpretation and self-reflecting knowledge of an understanding or theory.
Critical theory
according to its first definition by Max Horkheimer in 1937 is about critiquing and changing society as a whole. Critical theory was to be seen as an outrageous form of the Marxian theory. Through this theory Marx was able to establish a link between the critique of ideology and the practice of social revolutions. Further emphasising this he reinstated that,

"Philosophers have only interpreted the world in certain ways; the point is to change it."

Graphic design in relation to this definition is quite close as design focuses on the ideologies of society and humanity in the sense that as a designer we are constantly focused on what is happening in society and what is influencing society to do these things. All design works are our own interpretation of what we see around us and how we understand these symbolic expressions is our own perception.
I think that this definition of critical theory is very much a apart of Graphic design as it encompasses everything that we do and aim to achieve. I believe being a designer involves breaking down text and symbolic expressions and finding a way to understand these things but interpreting them your own personal way. I have often gotten lost in the world of art just looking at different artworks and finding that urge that I need to everything about why it is the way it is, what was the drive behind that person creating it and what was the inspiration. Once finding all the information I need to fully understand this I then make my own personal judgment on my full understandings of that piece of art or design.

Without criticism the world I believe would not function properly as we would not have anything to fix. Humans need to find that relationship with the surroundings and find and understand why its there and some how make it better. The Marxism Theory further establishes this and I believe it to be too some extent correct. As graphic designer we are constantly searching our surroundings and each other’s works to find ways on how to make it better some how, that constant need to further explore and evaluate. We as humans and designers in particular are on a constant exploration to find the next revolution, something so ground breaking it will change the course of history. So in a sense I believe that Marx philosophy was correct in establishing a link between the critical theory and the graphic design industry.

Plato was the first philosopher to establish the idea of the critical theory believing that reality cannot be found in the world of appearance but in the ideal world. For Plato he believed that art is an imitation of the world of phenomena which itself is an imitation of the world of idea. For Plato artists he believed were suspended from all reason, showing madness and not in control of their emotions.

Plato I believe being the most groundbreaking philosopher, was correct in the sense that art can be a dangerous thing. It can lead people down dangerous roads that can either lead to madness or to greatness. Design and critical theory is established and related in the sense that it is intensely based on emotions and how we feel when confronted with something in the world. Designers as a whole are constantly trying to depict the perfect world, create the ideal world as they see fit. Graphic designers have in a sense the control to mould and shape society into believing what they design is the next and greatest groundbreaking idea.

I know personally depending on my mood and how I feel at the time when I create something, my designs turn out differently. Sometimes I have no control over what I am doing and then I can be completely in control and focused. Creating that link between critical thinking about the world is something that as designer we are constantly doing, always finding new ways to represent that ideal world that we live in, finding that creative inspiration in the world. I find that my own personal ways of critiquing the world is by just sitting somewhere whether in a park, at home or driving somewhere, I am constantly critiquing the world, or to be specific; signs, posters, logos etc and creating new ways if I could to make it fit my view of a perfect ideal world.

Critical theory is all about the deconstruction of what is around us, the famous philosophers, for example, Jacques Derrida describe criticism as no a style or attitude but rather a mode of questioning of what belongs in history and the workings of social institutions. Derrida believed that Plato’s Western culture views were governed by opposites such as reality and representation, original versus copy and body and mind. He felt that only one could be favored in these pairs. He felt that mere photography was just a record of time and art was the true aesthetics in the artistic realm of tradition and authenticity. He evaluates the idea between nature and culture that one without the other cannot not exist as he further establishes that culture unlike nature is a place that cannot be disturbed by human endeavors of alienating the ecological system.

Derrida’s theory that these ideas cannot function without each other is very appealing concepts as it questions the thought process of what extent can the human race control over what exists and what doesn’t. I find that his ideas and philosophies are quite intriguing as I see a lot of the fundamentals behind the graphic design industry in this. The destructive nature of humans is something that I find as a designer very fascinating, as it questions everything around us. This is something that I am constantly questioning, what is real and what cannot be touched by the artistic world. Although on the other hand the exploration into nature and culture, body and mind is something that I feel intrigues many artists to pursue. As designer personally I feel that we are constantly looking for answers into how things work and function. Our inquisitive nature can sometimes be a downfall as we are bound by the continuous quest to discover the meaning behind the most simplistic questions.

Finding the meaning behind what is the different between nature and culture is a very fine line. I find that the only way to discover the natural surroundings of where that culture came from and most likely from my experiences the surrounding can tell you a lot about that culture. I found just by researching the Celtic culture that their natural surroundings and where they came from influenced their culture dramatically.

Postmodern philosophy became the radical criticism of the Western philosophy because it emphasizes the importance of the power of relationships and the construction of truth and world views. Discarding many mathematical philosophies, postmodernism is commonly own for its regard for irony over knowledge and the irrational held in higher regard and equal to the rational. Postmodernism is an ideology that started the thinking of a more modern age, influenced heavily by objective idealism. Creating the idea that there was always a more universal, grander take to aesthetics, ethics and knowledge. Thus drawing on many approaches that criticised the western thought.

Again the constant questioning of whether that what has been said is truth or not is something that can be related to the Graphic Design Industry as constantly as designers we are always looking for new takes on older views. Designers are constantly and heavily influenced by the past, drawing on that era for inspiration.
I know personally I am constantly debating with friends and family on whether something is what they say it is or whether I am being forced to conform to societies views. I feel I am constantly trying like the postmodern philosophy to push the bounds in the sense that I’m in constant search for the next thing out, something new that will challenge me. This way of thinking runs right throughout the graphic design process, that constant need to anaylse everything that comes their way. Going through things with a fine comb finding everything that could possibly be wrong with it and finding ways to recreate it in a way that hasn’t been seen before.

As you can see critical theory and Graphic design have many similar qualities in the sense that we both are on the constant endeavor for something new, constantly questioning what is reality and was is our ideal world. Creating the ideal that nature around us in under constant deconstruction and culture is left to be in solitude is something that both designers and philosophers have marveled at for centuries, constantly coming up with new ways to explain whether through theories or designs on the happenings of the world.


Referencing:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_theory

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/critical-theory/

http://www.typotheque.com/articles/deconstruction_and_graphic_design_history_meets_theory

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxist_sociology

http://changingminds.org/explanations/critical_theory/concepts/critical_theory_is.htm

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